ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭ

ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ " ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ- ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ- ﺭﻭﺵﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ " ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ۱۳۶۵ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ 92/06/18 ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻨﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ۳ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ، ﻣﺼﻮﺏ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ۱۳۷۱ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ، ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ، ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ، ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ، ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ .

ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۱۹۴ ﺳﺎﻝ ۱۳۷۸ ﺍﺳﺖ.

ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺧﺬﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ :

ASTM D 874: 2013, Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives

ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ

ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺴﺎﻧﺘﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ

ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻠﺰ، ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻢ، ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ، ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ، ﺭﻭﻱ، ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ، ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻭ ﻛﻠﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 0/02 % ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ 0.005 % ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﺏ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ، ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ۲۹۴۰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ.ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ. ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ، ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻢ، ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ، ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ، ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻠﻊ (ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻊ) ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺮ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ.

مراجع الزامی:

2-4 ASTM D 4177, Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

2-5 ASTM D 6299, Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting

Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance